Today, after the relative failure of the Russian space project "Luna-25" (the first automatic station in modern Russian history was to make a soft landing at the South Pole of the Earth's natural satellite on August 21. However, on August 20, the Luna-25 probe crashed after colliding with the lunar surface), there is a growing wave of skepticism about the prospects of space exploration, and the Moon in particular. Indeed, the lunar race has so far failed to solve any global problems. Among other things, many experts talk about almost insurmountable technical and technological problems in the development of the Moon, and even more so in deep space. However, conceptual solutions for the economic and industrial development of the Moon already exist. Moreover, the principles of creating industry with the help of nuclear energy on the Moon are also applicable to the industrialization of Mars, dwarf planets and satellites of giant planets. And, strange as it may seem, the recent withdrawal of the ratification of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) by the Russian parliament may help Russia become a leader in this process.